The various ways texts are organized are known as text structures. Whether reading a story book, an article, a poem, or a comic strip, understanding how the text is organized is a lifelong-skill readers use to enhance their comprehension.Or you may say, “Oh, these have rhyming phrases and stanzas. As you read a play, you may notice the difference between dialogue meant to be spoken aloud and stage direction meant to direct the performers silently. Think Aloud: To model your knowledge about genres, talk aloud as you read various stories, poems, and plays. ![]() How can you break down the text into smaller pieces (e.g., a scene of a play, a stanza of a poem)? How do these pieces fit together to create a larger story?.Why do you think the author included chapters in this book?.How do chapters help readers understand the book?.Ask questions that help students identify the structure of a chapter book. Grand Conversations: Gather students to engage in a conversation about chapter books.In this story, a problem begins when _.Plot Frame: When reading a story, have students fill out a plot story frame using words, pictures, objects, sentence strips, etc.Learn more about Think, Pair, Share in this TIP Sheet.How does this sentence/chapter/scene/stanza support the theme?.What does this sentence/chapter/scene/stanza tell us about the character/setting?.Why do you think the author included this sentence/chapter/scene/stanza?.The teacher can then lead a class discussion by asking some of the following questions: After the pairs share, a couple of teams can share with the rest of the class. Then, the student meets with a peer to share their findings. Ask students to analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of the text. Learn more about graphic organizers in this TIP Sheet. Then, highlighting the “signal words” (meanwhile, unlike, etc.) students can record (write down, speech to text, draw, copy, etc.) how things have changed. Show students in the text what the “current” situation is. Flow Chart/Diagram: Students can use flow charts to show how things have changed in the text, using the signal words.Ask students to analyze how the signal words help to understand the structure of the text (flashback, beginning/middle/end, etc.). Ask students to find the various signal words in a text and highlight them. Story Coding: Provide the students with a copy of the text for the students to mark.Keep adding to the chart as students continue to notice new things. As you read stories from each genre, record what students notice on a chart. Genre Study: To create a deeper understanding of the difference among the structures used in a story, the structures used in a poem, and the structures used in a play, conduct a genre study with the children noticing the various differences between the three text types.Provide mentor texts so students can see examples of each. Explicit Teaching: Explicitly teach text structures by introducing students to the terminology associated with prose (sentences, chapters), poems (lines, stanzas, rhyme, meter), and plays (acts, scenes, stage direction, scripted dialogue). ![]() ![]() Learn more about accessing grade-level text in this TIP Sheet. Once all four stanzas are paired with pictures, ask the students to share what they took away from the poem. Pair each stanza with an image that best depicts the tone and storyline.
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